The United States government's Indian Removal policy of the 1830s was a series of forced removals and detentions of Native American tribes from their ancestral homelands. The policy began with President Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal Act of 1830, which authorized the federal government to forcibly remove Native Americans from their lands in the western territories.

President Andrew Jackson played a significant role in the Indian Removal policy, as he was the first U.S. president to sign an act authorizing the removal of Native Americans from their land. He was also the first president to be impeached by the House of Representatives for his actions during the Seminole War.

In Worcester v. Georgia (1842), the Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee Nation had no legal right or claim over any portion of Georgia, and thus could not sue Georgia in court on the basis of a violation of its treaty obligations. The Court held that the Cherokee Nation did not have a "claim" under Article I of the Constitution, because it was not a state or a nation, but rather a people subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.

The Treaty of New Echota (1835) recognized the Cherokee Nation's sovereignty over the Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, Seminole, and other Native American tribes, and provided them with compensation for the loss of their lands.
The Cherokee Nation agreed to the terms of the treaty and accepted the transfer of their lands to the state of Oklahoma.
However, the Cherokee Nation refused to accept the terms of the treaty and sued