### **Historical Fact-Check of the U.S. Indian Removal Policy (1830s)**

#### **1. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 and President Andrew Jackson’s Role**
- The **Indian Removal Act** (May 28, 1830) was signed into law by **President Andrew Jackson**, authorizing the federal government to forcibly relocate Native American tribes east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the Mississippi, in exchange for their territories within existing U.S. states.
  - [S3]
- Jackson framed the policy as a **necessary measure to prevent conflict** with settlers and to secure U.S. expansion westward.
  - [S1], [S4]

#### **2. *Worcester v. Georgia*, the Treaty of New Echota, Cherokee Opposition, and Forced Removal**
- **Treaty of New Echota (1835):** A small faction of Cherokees, including the **Treaty of New Echota**, signed a treaty ceding their lands to the U.S. in exchange for relocation to Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma).
  - [S2]
- **Chief John Ross and Opposition:** The majority of Cherokees, led by **Chief John Ross**, opposed the treaty, arguing it violated their sovereignty and violated earlier treaties. They sought legal and diplomatic resistance.
  - [S2]
- **Supreme Court Ruling (*Worcester v. Georgia*, 1832):** The U.S. Supreme Court ruled