Here is the historical fact-check based **solely** on the provided evidence packet:

---

### **1. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 and President Andrew Jackson’s Role**
The **Indian Removal Act** (May 28, 1830) was signed into law by **President Andrew Jackson**, authorizing the federal government to forcibly relocate Native American tribes east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for their territories within existing U.S. state borders. The act was part of a broader policy of **Indian removal**, which aimed to eliminate Native nations as sovereign entities and assimilate them into white society. [S3], [S4]

Jackson justified the policy as necessary to prevent conflict with settlers and to secure federal lands for white expansion. He framed removal as a pragmatic solution rather than a moral or humanitarian one. [S1]

---

### **2. *Worcester v. Georgia*, the Treaty of New Echota, Cherokee Opposition, and Forced Removal**
- **Treaty of New Echota (1835):** A small faction of Cherokees, including the pro-white **Treaty of New Echota**, signed a treaty ceding their lands to the U.S. in exchange for relocation to Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma). This treaty was **not endorsed by the Cherokee Nation’s majority**, including Chief John Ross, who led opposition. [S2]
- **Worcester v. Georgia (1832):** The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in *Worcester